“My name is Claudiana, I live on Canárias Island, a marine extractive reserve between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, on the Maranhão side of it. And the community I live in is a fishing community, with artisanal fishing.
Our connection to the river and the sea, to nature, is direct. And we have experienced climate change here in our territory, on the island itself and in our way of life, in how we work. Mainly due to the water issue, a very serious one, even though we live on an island.
There are five communities living within the island, all facing the same problem of not having access to adequate drinking water for consumption, supply and basic sanitation.
Right now, at this moment, we are experiencing a water crisis, the type where we do not have water for our wells, for daily use. For bathing, washing dishes, washing clothes. There are a lot of people whose wells are dry. In other communities, the water is salty, and we attribute this to climate change, because it hasn't happened before. Not like what is happening this year.
I've been through this before, not even being able to bathe. It’s sad. It’s horrible. And you become desperate to find a way to have water. Because those who are close to the river, they throw a pump in the river, when it is fresh, and fill up everything that needs to be filled.
I’m very worried about everyone’s situation, not just mine. The advance of the waves into the manguezal, the rise in sea level, the sea encroaching towards the community, the river advancing on the other side – this is a bit troublesome, but not to the point of making me anxious, because we have somewhere to retreat.
But, at the same time, there is so much happening now that we are not sure it won’t reach us here. What if the river dries up, as was the case in the Amazon. So, we live at the mercy of nature. Something more drastic could happen at any time.”
The voice of the text above is Claudiana Carvalho da Costa. I ask for her blessing, and that of the people of this land who welcomed me so warmly, to write about their stories and struggles.
Claudia, an artisan and entrepreneur, is part of the Resex Delta do Parnaíba Women’s Network initiative, which operates in the Parnaíba Delta Marine Extractive Reserve. The region has an estimated area of 2,700 km² and is made up of around seventy islands with rich vegetation and manguezais. Unique among the three open-sea deltas in the world, it is home to enormous biodiversity and encompasses three states: Maranhão, Ceará and Piauí.
The latter is where the Caburé Institute was born, an organization of which I have been founder and director since 2020. At the Institute, we work to defend and protect traditional Brazilian communities under the pillars of climate, culture and education. Our headquarters, Casa do Futuro, is in Barrinha, a village in Cajueiro da Praia (PI), but we have projects in the neighboring states, Maranhão and Ceará.
But this text is not about Caburé nor about our programs and projects. This text is about the importance of listening to the voices of communities and to include their demands in the debate on climate change and the anxiety it generates.
The anguish of experiencing the climate crisis permeates many people. A survey by the scientific journal The Lancet revealed that 59% of the ten thousand young people interviewed declared to be very or extremely worried, and 84% were at least moderately worried about the problem. This may be accompanied, for example, by questions on whether to have children due to the environmental, social and economic collapse that we are experiencing.
But, in Brazil, many mothers are concerned primarily with hunger, domestic violence, access to decent work and housing. In other words, we need to “Brazilianize '' or “South-globalize” the conversation about climate change and eco-anxiety.
The mangue is a great example of this. A Brazilian ecosystem that stretches from the state of Santa Catarina to the state of Amapá, it is guarded by shellfish gatherers like Claudiana and many other “mangue women”. By finding their way of life, culture and income in the manguezais, they contribute to their protection. This is proven to be a necessity to mitigate global warming: the journal Frontiers in Forests and Global Change published a study in 2022 indicating that one hectare of manguezais in Brazil can store between two and four times more carbon than one hectare in any other biome.
Ensuring the preservation of manguezais, rivers and oceans means honoring the generations of artisans, fisherwomen and shellfish gatherers who make these places one of the pillars of their existence, memory and future. Dedication is forged by those who know how to be daughters, mothers and heirs of these spaces and knowledge.
But this existence is increasingly under threat, and not only due to the climate crisis. Predatory tourism, real estate speculation, the construction of projects without actively – and affectively – listening to the communities, and the inertia of public policies when facing this reality enter traditional territories like a tractor, disregarding any and every way of life and taking with it all the identity of a community.
The consequences are severe and involve the deforestation of the ecosystem of manguezais(and other biomes), increased social inequality, loss of territories, salinization, droughts, rising sea levels, cultural erasure and food insecurity. Children and adolescents, one of the most vulnerable groups, are exposed to situations of socio-environmental vulnerability that harm their climate rights.
Specifically in Northeast Brazil, the region is already, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, one of the semi-arid and arid areas that will suffer a reduction in water resources due to climate change. So, the math doesn’t work. With the destruction of ecosystems that are essential to stopping the climate crisis, the climate crisis itself is worsening. The ones who suffer most are the local and traditional peoples, not large cities, which have access to money and other resources.
However, these populations are silenced, if not erased – literally.
The conversation about climate change needs to address territorial rights, access to education, preservation of local cultures and traditional ways of life. Without including these voices, there is no way out of the maze we find ourselves in. The reality is that in decision-making spaces, almost none of these voices are included, let alone amplified. Just look at the panel from the last UN Climate Change Conference, COP28, and you will see that the majority of those leading the event were men, many from the Global North.
The question remains always the same: how will we get out of this — this environmental, social, cultural and behavioral crisis — if decisions are being made by the same people who brought us here? How will we build another socioeconomic model by reproducing the steps that led us to the (almost) liquidation of humanity? It’s a simple answer: we won’t. As long as we repeat the patterns, with the same leaders in closed conference rooms and far from the land; as long as the most polluting nations are not held responsible; as long as we are led by foreign representations of culture; as long as the way of life is based on accumulation and infinite productivity; as long as traditional people are erased and ignored, we will never come close to mitigating or solving the problem. We’ll be “pushing water with a rake” and just give different names to repetitions that, fancifully, we accept due to a lack of bravery or courage to face things head-on.
Now, when we take the values of Good Living seriously; when the knowledge of the fields, the sea and the land is genuinely appreciated; when the voices of traditional peoples, in their plurality, are considered respectfully; when we practice agroecology; when local culture is encouraged; when human, climate and territorial rights are guaranteed; when Governments are truly committed to the people who elected them; and when those who destWy and usurp territories are held accountable, perhaps we will be able to live in the “ancestral future” and build a new world, in harmony with Nature.
This reality is already the routine for many traditional populations, from indigenous peoples to quilombolas and riverside dwellers, such as artisans, fishermen and shellfish gatherers. They are the ones who are constantly at the forefront of the socio-environmental struggle. It is not impossible to expand this fight, but it is also not an easy task and no clear roadmap exists. What exists is urgency, if we want to ensure the presence of human life on Earth, and the need to listen, dialogue and welcome traditional voices.